Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) was the twenty-third president of the United States, serving from 1889 to 1893 during a period of rapid industrialization and national expansion. His presidency was marked by high protective tariffs, expanded veterans’ benefits, the Sherman Antitrust Act, conservation efforts, and an increasingly assertive American foreign policy. Harrison left a legacy of a stronger federal government, economic regulation, conservation, and the protection of civil rights.

Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) served the 22nd and 24th President, rising from a self-taught lawyer and local reformer. Known for fiscal conservatism and opposition to political corruption, Cleveland sought to limit government spending and preserve the gold standard while using presidential veto power extensively. His response to the economic crisis and Pullman Strike damaged his popularity, but he defended executive independence and commitment to governmental restraint.

William McKinley (1843-1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 to 1901. His presidency was defined by protective tariffs, the adoption of the gold standard, and the Spanish-American War, which resulted in the United States acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Assassinated in 1901, McKinley left a legacy as the president who helped transform the United States into an emerging world power at the dawn of the twentieth century.

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. His administration established the Federal Reserve, strengthened federal regulation of business, and ultimately brought the United States into World War I, after which Wilson championed his Fourteen Points and the League of Nations. His legacy is complicated by his administration’s racial segregation, suppression of speech, and expansion of presidential power.

William H. Taft (1857-1930) was the 27th President of the United States, serving from 1909 to 1913, and later became the 10th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Taft served in several important government positions before becoming president, including Governor of the Philippines and Secretary of War. As President, Taft strengthened federal antitrust enforcement, expanded railroad regulation, and promoted American economic influence abroad through his policy of Dollar Diplomacy.

Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) was the 26th president of the United States. After becoming president following William McKinley’s assassination, he advanced the “Square Deal,” strengthened federal regulation of corporations and railroads, protected millions of acres of public land, and expanded America’s influence abroad. Roosevelt left a lasting legacy as one of the most influential presidents of the Progressive Era.