Warren G. Harding (1865-1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923, and was elected on a promise to restore stability and “normalcy” after World War I. Harding promoted tax cuts, reduced government spending, business growth, immigration restrictions, and arms limitation, while his administration was overshadowed by scandals.

Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) was the 30th President of the United States, serving from 1923 to 1929. A staunch advocate of limited government, low taxes, balanced budgets, and business growth, Coolidge became one of the leading symbols of the conservative politics of the 1920s. His legacy remains debated over the role his policies played in the economic conditions that preceded the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) was the 31st president of the United States, a self-made mining engineer, businessman, and humanitarian. His presidency was dominated by the onset of the Great Depression, and his mixed policies for stabilizing the economy. After leaving office, Hoover remained an influential critic of the New Deal and devoted much of his later life to humanitarian work, government reform, and defending the principles of limited government and individual responsibility.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd president of the United States, serving an unprecedented four terms from 1933 until his death in 1945. He led the nation through the Great Depression with the New Deal and through most of World War II, greatly expanding the federal government's role in American life and establishing the United States as a leading world power. Roosevelt died in office in April 1945, leaving a lasting legacy as one of the most consequential and influential presidents.

Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, unexpectedly assuming office in 1945 and leading the nation through the final months of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. He made the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, the creation of the postwar international order, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the NATO, and the Korean War. Though controversial, Truman is now widely regarded as one of the most consequential presidents of the post World War world.

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th president of the United States and a five-star general who served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II. As president from 1953 to 1961, he brought the Korean War to an end, strengthened America’s position in the Cold War, oversaw the creation of the Interstate Highway System, and took federal action to enforce school desegregation. Eisenhower left office as one of the most respected American leaders of the twentieth century.